Dipygus
Caudal duplication, (or caudal duplication syndrome) is a rare congenital disorder in which various structures of the caudal region, embryonic cloaca, and neural tube exhibit a spectrum of abnormalities such as duplication and malformations. The exact causes of the condition is unknown, though there are several theories implicating abnormal embryological development as a cause for the condition. Diagnosis is often made during prenatal development of the second trimester through anomaly scans or immediately after birth. However, rare cases of adulthood diagnosis has also been observed. Treatment is often required to correct such abnormalities according to the range of symptoms present, whilst treatment options vary from conservative expectant management to resection of caudal tissue to restore normal function or appearance. As a rare congenital disorder, the prevalence at birth is less than 1 per 100,000 with less than 100 cases reported worldwide.
The term "caudal duplication syndrome" has been coined since 1993 to describe caudal abnormalities and conditions. However, there has been recent debate into the appropriateness of the term being "caudal split syndrome" instead of caudal duplication due to the "splitting" nature of the abnormalities, rather than "duplication".
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