Fake News
Fake news: False or misleading information, disseminated as news. It's been applied to invented stories, inaccurate or sensationalist reporting, and, generally speaking, false information that's shared as if it's legitimate news.
There is no universal definition for the term and it has been attacked for mixing together various kinds of falsehood or misinformation. The terms misinformation, disinformation and related concepts are then differentiated by other researchers on the basis of the wider term information disorder. False or misleading information can be shared via social media, websites or other communications. Some of the factors that have been shown to relevant for its production, interpretation, and dissemination include social polarization, motivated reasoning, confirmation bias, and platform features.
Multiple strategies for fighting fake news are actively researched, for various types of fake news. Politicians in certain autocratic and democratic countries have demanded effective self-regulation and legally enforced regulation in varying forms, of social media and web search engines.
On an individual scale, the ability to actively confront false narratives, as well as taking care when sharing information can reduce the prevalence of falsified information. However, it has been noted that this is vulnerable to the effects of confirmation bias, motivated reasoning and other cognitive biases that can seriously distort reasoning, particularly in dysfunctional and polarised societies. Inoculation theory has been proposed as a method to render individuals resistant to undesirable narratives. Because new misinformation emerges frequently, researchers have stated that one solution to address this is to inoculate the population against accepting fake news in general (a process termed prebunking), instead of continually debunking the same repeated lies.
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