Bibula
The Polish underground press, devoted to prohibited materials (sl. Polish: bibuła [biˈbu.wa] , lit. 'semitransparent blotting paper' or, alternatively, drugi obieg [ˈdru.ɡi ˈɔ.bjɛk], lit. 'second circulation'), has a long history of combatting censorship of oppressive regimes in Poland. It existed throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, including under foreign occupation of the country (such as the German-occupied Poland), as well as during the rule of the pro-Soviet Polish People's Republic. Throughout the Eastern Bloc, bibuła published until the collapse of communism was known also as samizdat (see below).
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