Animat
Animat are artificial animals; the term is a contraction of "animal" and "materials" (and, coincidentally, also the third-person indicative present of the Latin verb animō which means to "animate, give or bring life"). The term includes physical robots and virtual simulations. The animat model includes features of a simple animal capable of interacting with its environment. It is, therefore, designed to simulate the ability to associate certain signals from the environment within a learning phase that indicate a potential for cognitive structure.
Animat research, a subset of Artificial Life studies, has become rather popular since Rodney Brooks' seminal paper "Intelligence without representation".
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