WOMAN
A woman is an adult female human. Before adulthood, a female child or adolescent is referred to as a girl.
Typically, women are of the female sex and inherit a pair of X chromosomes, one from each parent. Many women are capable of pregnancy and giving birth from puberty until menopause. More generally, sex differentiation of the female fetus is governed by the lack of a present, or functioning, SRY gene on either one of the respective sex chromosomes. Female anatomy is distinguished from male anatomy by the female reproductive system, which includes the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, and vulva. There are attributes of sexual dimorphism: a woman generally has a wider pelvis, broader hips, and larger breasts than a man. These characteristics facilitate childbirth and breastfeeding. Women typically have less facial and other body hair, have a higher body fat composition, and are on average shorter and less muscular than men. Women are at greater risk of certain diseases like breast cancer, and at lower risk of other diseases like lung cancer.
Some women are transgender, meaning they were assigned male at birth. Some women are intersex, meaning they have unusual sex characteristics (chromosomes, genitalia or internal sex organs). Women may have trisomy X, vaginal atresia, or other conditions.
Throughout human history, in patriarchal societies, traditionally defined gender roles have often resulted in gender inequality by limiting women's activities and opportunities. Many religious doctrines and legal systems in such societies stipulate certain rules for women. With restrictions loosening during the 20th century in many societies, women have gained wider access to careers and the ability to pursue higher education. Violence against women, whether within families or in communities, has a long history and is primarily committed by men. Some women are denied reproductive rights and denied legal rights on the basis of sex. The movements and ideologies of feminism have a shared goal of achieving gender equality.
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